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A plumber wrench (or plumber's wrench, pipe wrench, Swedish wrench or Swedish pattern wrench^[1]) is a form of plier described as a pipe wrench that uses compound leverage to grip and rotate plumbing pipes. Similar to the action of a Vise Grip plier, its jaw opening is adjusted to width by rotating a threaded ring. Its advantage is that it grips with significant force without needing to engage a lock nut like an adjustable tongue-and-groove plier. Like these, it can also be used on nuts, particularly hex shaped, and other flat engagement points. If used carelessly it can dent or break plumbing pipe.^[2]

The plumber wrench was invented in 1888 by the Swedish inventor named Johan Petter Johansson. It shares some principles with both the Stillson-pattern pipe wrench and the rigid pipe wrench, as well as various forms of adjustable pliers, such as the Vise Grip and "Channelock" tongue-and-groove plier.

Johansson's tool is used rather than a pair of tongs^{[clarification needed]} to separate or join^{[clarification needed]} pipes.^[3] It is not widely known in North America, but is common in Europe.^[1]

Johansson also improved the adjustable wrench, with a patent in 1891.^[4]

• Monkey wrench
• Pipe wrench
• Tongue-and-groove pliers

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Woodstock, Georgia
City
Downtown Woodstock
Flag Seal
Show Woodstock Show Cherokee County Show Georgia Show the United States
Coordinates: 34°06′05″N 84°31′10″W / 34.10139°N 84.51944°W / 34.10139; -84.51944
Country	United States
State	Georgia
County	Cherokee
Government
• Mayor	Michael Caldwell (R)
Area [1]
• Total	12.67 sq mi (32.81 km2)
• Land	12.56 sq mi (32.53 km2)
• Water	0.11 sq mi (0.28 km2)
Elevation	968 ft (291 m)
Population  (2020)
• Total	35,065
• Density	2,792.02/sq mi (1,078.04/km2)
Time zone	UTC−5 (EST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes	30188–30189
Area code	770/678/470
FIPS code	13-84176[2]
GNIS feature ID	0333462[3]
Website	woodstockga.gov

Woodstock is a city in Cherokee County, Georgia, United States. The population was 35,065 as of 2020 according to the US Census Bureau.^[4]

Originally a stop on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, Woodstock is part of the Atlanta metropolitan area. The city was the tenth fastest-growing suburb in the United States in 2007.^[5] Woodstock is the 28th most-populous city in Georgia and ranked 16th for population density out of 538 municipalities.^[4]

Native Americans were removed from the area.^[6]

The Georgia General Assembly incorporated Woodstock as a town in 1897.^[7] The community derives its name from Woodstock, an 1826 novel by Walter Scott.^[8]

The Woodstock Depot was built in 1912 by the Louisville & Nashville Railroad as the town grew. The line transported cotton, rope, and other agricultural products, as well as passengers. Passenger service ended in 1949.^[9]

According to the United States Census Bureau, Woodstock has a total area of 11.3 square miles (29.2 km²), of which 11.2 square miles (28.9 km²) is land and 0.12 square miles (0.3 km²), or 0.92%, is water.^[10]

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 35,065 people, 12,878 households, and 8,464 families residing in the city.

As of the census of 2010,^[13] there were 23,896 people, 9,580 households, and 6,137 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,715.4 inhabitants per square mile (1,048.4/km²). There were 10,298 housing units at an average density of 1,170.2 per square mile (451.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 79.3% White, 10.2% African American, 0.2% American Indian, 4.5% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 2.7% from other races, and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.7% of the population.

There were 9,580 households, out of which 35.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.8% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. Of all households, 29.3% were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 26.5% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 37.4% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.1 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $58,506, and the median income for a family was $65,740. Males had a median income of $48,054 versus $32,798 for females. The per capita income for the city was $25,586. About 2.2% of families and 4.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.0% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.

As of the census of 2000, there are 10,050 people, 3,869 households, and 2,627 families residing in the city. The population density is 440.4/km² (1,140.4/mi²). There are 4,102 housing units at an average density of 179.8 persons/km² (465.5 persons/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 89.42% White, 5.05% African American, 0.29% Native American, 1.66% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.94% from other races, and 1.61% from two or more races. 4.94% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There are 3,869 households out of which 37.7% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.1% are married couples living together, 9.5% have a woman whose husband does not live with her, and 32.1% are non-families. Of all households, 26.1% are made up of individuals and 6.4% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.55 and the average family size is 3.10.

In the city the population age distribution is 26.8% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 39.0% from 25 to 44, 18.3% from 45 to 64, and 8.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 33 years. For every 100 females there are 92.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 87.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city is $58,506, and the median income for a family is $65,740. Males have a median income of $48,054 versus $32,798 for females. The per capita income for the city is $25,586. 4.2% of the population and 2.2% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 5.0% are under the age of 18 and 8.6% are 65 or older.

On May 25, 2009, the city of Woodstock unveiled the new Woodstock Memorial, 10 tons of polished granite dedicated to Woodstock veterans. It reads: "To the men and women of Woodstock, Georgia who served in the armed forces of our country preserving our freedom and our way of life Erected in their honor - May 2009".^[14][15]

A one-lane bridge over Kellogg Creek along Kemp Drive was named after 15-year-old Katie Hamlin, who was murdered in 2002.^[16]

The Greenprints Project^[17] calls for the construction of trails along the city's natural areas like the Little River, Noonday Creek, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' property, and in the city's core areas. Bike lanes, which within the project are considered trails, would be built along roads throughout the city.

The proposed trails would connect with existing trails elsewhere in Cherokee County as well as in the cities of Roswell and Alpharetta and Cobb County. The project also would preserve greenspace throughout the city and create new parks.

Greenprints Alliance, Inc. is a grassroots citizen action group formed in spring 2009 to advance the city of Woodstock's green infrastructure master plan known as the Greenprints Project. When complete, the project will add over 60 miles (97 km) of trails throughout the city connecting every public place, shopping area and neighborhood.^[18]

• Interstate 575
• State Route 92

• Noonday Creek Trail
• Serenade Trail
• Trestle Rock Trail

Woodstock maintains its own fire and police departments. As of January 2018, the fire department had two fire stations and 44 certified fire fighters. The fire department is commanded by Dave Soumas.^[19] The police department is composed of four divisions with 54 sworn officers. Calvin Moss is the Chief of Police.^[20] They are the largest municipal police department in Cherokee County, responsible for 11 square miles (28 km²) and over 23,000 residents (as of October, 2007).^[21]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Woodstock, Georgia.

• City of Woodstock official website